Upcoming in the SENS4 conference Schedule
Session 21 Tissue engineering (Chair: Leonid Gavrilov)
Augustinus Bader Leipzig, Germany
Currently Available Therapies with Autologous Stem Cells – From Basic Principles to Clinical Application
Gabor Forgacs Columbia, USA
Organ Engineering by Bioprinting
Biomaterials-based exogenous scaffolds, though promising, still face general as well as specific challenges. Scaffolds may elicit adverse host responses and interfere with direct cell-cell interaction, as well as assembly and alignment of cell-produced extracellular matrix. Thus, fabrication techniques for production of scaffold-free engineered tissue constructs have recently emerged. Here we describe a novel fully biological self-assembly approach, which we implement through a rapid prototyping bioprinting method. The approach utilizes bio-ink particles, convenient multicellular units, either spheroids or cylinders of controlled diameter (300 to 500 μm), that are deposited with specifically designed bio-printers. The cellular composition of the bio-ink and the deposition scheme are respectively consistent with the cellular composition and topology of the desired biological construct. We use the method for scaffold-free small diameter vascular reconstruction and nerve regeneration. Various vascular cell types, including smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, are aggregated into the bio-ink units. These are printed layer-by-layer concomitant with agarose rods, used here as a molding template. The post-printing fusion of the discrete units results in single- and double-layered small diameter vascular tubes. A unique aspect of the method is the ability to engineer vessels of distinct shapes, complex internal geometry, in case of nerve grafts, and hierarchical trees that combine tubes of distinct diameters, in the case of vascular grafts. The technique is quick and easily scalable.
Sally Dickinson Bristol, UK
The first clinical transplantation of a tissue engineered airway
Session 22 The longer term (Chair: Augustinus Bader)
Philip Moriarty Nottingham, UK
Molecular Nanotechnology in the Real World: How Feasible is a Nanofactory?
I will critically assess MNT (molecular Nanotechnology) from the perspective of an experimental nanoscientist, focussing in particular on the aims and objectives of a recently-funded programme of work on computer-controlled assembly of diamond nanostructures, e.g. via mechanosynthesis
Leonid Gavrilov Chicago, USA
Demographic consequences of defeating aging
Even for very long 50-year projection horizon [with defeat of aging], with the most radical life extension scenario (assuming no aging at all after age 50), the total population increases by 35 percent only (from 9.1 to 13.3 billion).
http://longevity-science.blogspot.com/
Nickolas Mayer Satellite Beach, USA
The Lifenaut Project: a multifaceted experiment in data storage for future machine consciousness learning
The goal of the Lifenaut Project has been to create a diverse, large-scale database consisting of real people’s personality archives such that future intelligent agents can learn rapidly by uploading archived data rather than experiencing events in real time. A learning protocol such as this would increase the rate of progress in the field of machine consciousness and may be more effectively tested than real time learning protocols, since in many cases a frame of reference will exists for comparison with the replicated consciousness.
A web-based personality archiving architecture (lifenaut.com) has been created and promoted to the general public as such. Through this web-based interface anyone worldwide with an internet connection can create a “mindfile” free of charge. The mindfile consists of: personality test results, personal profile data, uploaded biographical media, and an archive of the user’s lines of conversation with a chatbot. Since its kickoff in 2006, Lifenaut has undergone 3 major iterations and each user’s mindfile is tapped into the iCogno chatbot engine combined with an InterMediaLab photo-based avatar. At the time of this writing 8,702 from around the globe have created Lifenaut accounts. Agents resulting from long-term user interaction with the Lifenaut software will be tested with the ConsScale 2 consciousness taxonomy (Arrables-Moreno).
Other Sessions
Sept 4, 2009
Session 5 Eliminating recalcitrant intracellular molecules: the lysosome (Chair: Alex Whitworth)
Session 6 Eliminating recalcitrant intracellular molecules: other (Chair: Ana Maria Cuervo)
Session 7 Panel discussion and short talks (Chair: John Furber)
Session 8 Short talks (Chair: Alex Zhavoronkov)
Session 9 Rejuvenating extracellular material: amyloid (Chair: Kendall Houk)
Session 10 Rejuvenating extracellular material: other (Chair: Nik Nikitin)
Sept 5, 2009
Session 11 Telomeres and telomerase (Chair: Cassian Yee)
Maria Blasco Madrid, Spain
Role of Shelterin in Cancer and Aging
Vera Gorbunova Rochester, USA
Evolution of anticancer mechanisms in short- and long-lived species
David Keefe Tampa, USA
Telomeres and Reproductive Aging
Session 12 Novel anti-cancer approaches (Chair: Vera Gorbunova)
Paul Hallenbeck Malvern, USA
Phase I study of Seneca Valley Virus (SVV-001), a replication competent oncolytic virus, in patients with neuroendocrine (NE) cancers
Adela Ben-Yakar Austin, USA
Femtosecond laser nanosurgery from shedding light on nerve regeneration to aiding in cancer diagnosis and therapy
Cassian Yee Seattle, USA
Engineering Tumor Immunity: Adoptive T Cell Therapy of Cancer
Session 13 SENS Lecture and short talks (Chair: Silvia Gravina)
Moses Znaimer Toronto, Canada
SENS Lecture: Canada – Harbinger of the Zoomer Phenomenon (Chair: Aubrey de Grey)
Natalia Gavrilova Chicago, USA
Search for mechanisms of exceptional human longevity
Mike Berridge Wellington, New Zealand
Effects of mitochondrial gene deletion on tumorigenicity of metastatic melanoma: reassessing the Warburg effect
Ülo Kristjuhan Tallinn, Estonia
Postponed Aging in University Teachers
Session 14 Short talks (Chair: Mike Berridge)
Session 15 Rejuvenating the immune system (Chair: Lusine Danielyan)
Janko Nikolich-Zugich Beaverton, USA
Why T-cells go out of whack with aging and what to do about it
Anne de Groot Providence, USA
Re-establishing Immunological Balance and Re-engineering Tolerance with Tregitopes
Omar Ali Cambridge, USA
Infection-mimicking materials to program dendritic cells in situ
Justin Rebo
SENS Foundation Research Center Senescent T cell removal using magnetic antibodies
Session 16 Delivering genes, proteins and larger structures in vivo (Chair: Janko Nikolich-Zugich)
Dieter Willbold Düsseldorf, Germany
Oral treatment with an Aβ42 oligomer modulating D-amino acid peptide improves cognitive behavior of APP/ PS1 double transgenic mice
Lusine Danielyan Tübingen, Germany
Intranasal delivery of cells to the brain
Carlos Barbas La Jolla, USA
Synthesis of programmable integrases
Sunday 6th September
Session 17 Novel routes to the ES-like phenotype (Chair: Daniel Kraft)
Justin Ichida Cambridge, USA
Reprogramming Somatic Cells to Pluripotency Using Small Molecules
Ilham Abuljadayel London, UK
Retrodifferentiation and Aging: Harnessing Youth through Induction of Pluripotency in mature adult cells via Cell Surface Receptor Contact
Khachik Muradian Kiev, Ukraine
“ORION” – a glimpse of hope in life span extension?
Vadim Fraifeld Beer-Sheva, Israel
MicroRNA-regulated protein-protein interaction networks: how could they help in searching for pro-longevity targets?
Session 18 Recent advances in cell therapies (Chair: Ilham Abuljadayel)
Daniel Kraft Stanford, USA
Manipulation and Derivation of the Hematopoitic Stem Cell Niche
Gene Redmond Thousand Oaks,
USA Cellular repair in the non-human primate brain with human neural stem cells and multiple fetal cells grafts.
Hadi Aslan Jerusalem, Israel
Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells – The Road to Skeletal Tissue Regeneration
Session 19 Panel discussion and short talks (Chair: James Morré)
James Larrick Sunnyvale, USA
Panel Discussion: Applied Healthspan Engineering
Dazhong Yin Guangzhou, China
Preventive Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medication as Anti-stress and Anti-aging Strategy
Jwala Sinha Palamau, India
Strategies for adjustment of the aged
John Furber Gainesville, USA
Extracellular Aging: Issues for Therapy Design
Session 20 Short talks (Chair: James Larrick)
Gunther Kletetschka Greenbelt, USA
Crack avoidance during cryopreservation attempts
Sonya Vasto Palermo, Italy
Parental longevity impacts on the healthy ageing of their offspring: Effects on blood and clinical chemistry parameters in centenarians’ offspring
Noel Patton New York, USA
Recent progress in pharmacological amelioration of telomere shortening
David Williams Cambridge, UK
Cataract development as a model of ageing – a comparative approach
Michael Colgan Salt Spring Island, Canada
Combined chemical and brain stimulation induction of neurogenesis in brain injury and brain degeneration of aging.
D. James Morré West Lafayette, USA
Aging related NADH oxidase (arNOX) response to dietary supplementation . The French Paradox revisited
Joshua Mitteldorf Philadelphia, USA
Accumulated Damage is not the Root Cause of Aging
SENS4 : Antiaging conference coverage
The SENS site has all of the conference abstracts
UPDATE: SENS4, Session 6: Eliminating recalcitrant intracellular molecules: other
Claude Wischik spoke about preventing aggregation of tau protein, which is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. Clinical trials of their aggregation-inhibiting drug Rember are promising.
Andrei Seluanov talked about naked mole rats, those odd-looking miracle rodents that live for 30 years and don’t seem to ever get cancer. Mole rat contact inhibition/cancer resistance was controlled by p53 and pRB, both known tumour suppressors.
Alex Whitworth spoke about the relationship between mitochondrial degradation and Parkinson’s disease genes [Parkin and PINK1 genes].
SENS4, Sessions 9 and 10: Rejuvenating extracellular material
Mark Pepys talked about treating amyloidosis by targeting serum amyloid P component (SAP), which is present in all amyloid deposits and plays a role in stabilizing them. Several years ago, Pepys discovered a compound (CPHPC) that quickly removes SAP from the bloodstream and from most amyloid plaques; however, clinical trials showed that CPHPC alone does not help people with advanced disease. Today, Pepys reported on some very promising results from combining CPHPC with an antibody, effectively targeting the antibody to amyloid: in mouse studies, plaques completely disappear. Clinical testing of this combination approach will begin in 2011.
Kendall Houk gave a very interesting talk on computationally designing enzymes from scratch. They plan to apply their recently published protocol to develop enzymes that can reverse the formation of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) – sugar-modified proteins that accumulate with age and are implicated in several age-related diseases.
END UPDATE
Session 5: Eliminating recalcitrant intracellular molecules: the lysosome
Jeffrey Grubb spoke about new methods for delivering missing enzymes to the lysozomes of patients suffering from lysosomal storage diseases. Several of these should be able to deliver any protein to the lysozome, including novel ones capable of degrading undesirable intracellular molecules that accumulate with age and that normal lysosomes can’t handle. Central goal of the LysoSENS project
Ana Maria Cuervo spoke about the relationship between autophagy and aging. Artifically maintaining autophagy shows improved liver function in mice.
John Schloendorn discussed ongoing work at the SENS Foundation Research Center to develop new enzymes that can degrade harmful intracellular junk that accumulates with age. So far, they have discovered enzymes that can degrade A2E and 7-ketocholesterol, which are implicated in macular degeneration and osteoporosis, respectively. Their next step will be to construct a drug delivery system to get these enzymes to lysozomes, possibly using methods similar to those of Jeffrey Grub.
SENS4, Session 4: Adult regenerative capacity
Brandon Reines presented a counterintuitive result on regeneration: sometimes old animals have a higher regenerative capacity than young animals. In particular, if you punch a hole in the ear of a young mouse, then it won’t heal; but in a middle-aged mouse it will heal completely. He argued that this happens because mouse ear connective tissues never fully differentiate, and suggested that other neural-crest-derived connective tissues might show similar properties.
Kaisa Selesniemi talked about possible methods for sustaining fertility in older women. They found that an infusion of bone marrow from younger females keeps older mice fertile longer. They hope that these treatments might not only prolong fertility, but also female health: mice with longer “ovarian lifespan” show reduced disease incidence.
Alexandra Stolzing presented a new method for generating induced pluripotent stem cells (i.e., for reprogramming adult somatic cells to become pluripotent) that doesn’t use viral compounds or plasmids. Viruses can cause abnormalities in the reprogrammed cells, so much recent work has focused on developing alternate methods for deriving iPS cells
.
SENS4, Session 3: Optimising metabolism against aging
Stephen Spindler described his (ongoing) project to screen a large number of potential lifespan-affecting compounds in mice – so far, several candidates look promising. Interestingly, he also argued that the majority of previous studies measuring the effects of various compounds on rodent life expectancy suffer from serious flaws. In particular, he argued that many of them were confounded by a possible calorie restriction effect.
Manuel Serrano talked about his recent experiments with sirtuins in mice. Overexpression of sirtuins in yeast, worms, and flies delays aging, but their role in mammalian aging is still highly controversial. He found that mice overexpressing Sirt1 had improved health, according to several metrics – but no difference in lifespan.
David Melzer talked about his analyses of human genetic association studies. A large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with age-related diseases in humans; Melzer showed that many of these are near genes that play a role in pathways relevant to aging, and also identified three genes associated with two or more age-related diseases: p16/p15, MYC, and TERT.
SENS4, Session 1: Combating oxidation
Vladimir Skulachev spoke about his extensive work with SkQ1, an antioxidant targeted to mitochondria. He reported that SkQ1 supplementation extends median lifespan in several species (including mammals), and slows the development of multiple age-related diseases and conditions.
Holly Brown-Borg talked about the connections between stress resistance and longevity in Ames dwarf mice, which live around 50% longer than normal mice and show elevated levels of some antioxidants.
Cathy Clarke tested an original and interesting approach to avoiding free radical damage to poly-unsaturated fatty acids, or PUFAs: isotope reinforcement. The basic idea here, explained in an earlier paper, is very simple: heavier isotopes make stronger bonds, so isotope-reinforced PUFAs will be more resistant to free radical attack. Will these results transfer to higher organisms? Is there any chance that the deuterium could get incorporated into other molecules, stabilizing proteins that we want to degrade? The authors plan to follow up this study in worms and mice.
Texas Instrument CTO Alan Gatherer Predicts CPUs from now to 2020
The predictions are by Alan Gatherer. He is the CTO for the High Performance Multicore Processors group at TI and is responsible for all strategic development of TI’s digital baseband modems for 3G wireless infrastructure
2012: Network-on-Chip (NoC) arrives. A NoC is a high-performance device, which is really a grouping of processing islands connected by packet-based, point-to-point asynchronous communication highways.
2015: The Death of the FPGA. An important footnote in the history of programmability is the demise of the FPGA. Small multi-core CPUs consume significantly less power as well as provide a richer set of mapping options for complex algorithms and communication patterns than does the distributed fabric of ALUs and LUTs that make up FPGAs.
2020: The CPU disappears. Spreading functionality across multiple CPUs drastically simplifies the silicon overhead on each CPU, and hardware-based OS support manages NoC traffic efficiently
The range of devices available in 2020 will be about the same as it is in 2009. In 2020, embedded DSPs will still be a heterogeneous combination of CPUs and accelerators. Even though programmers are unaware of the individual devices when programming, it will still be true that some devices perform certain tasks much better than others.
Singularity University Semester Completion and Projects
The team projects from the first semester include the following reports:
* One Global Voice leverages mobile phone proliferation to accelerate economic development. It envisions a platform that will provide a set of modular programming tools accessible through a web portal, empowering individuals to create applications empowering education and commerce, linking together the developed and developing worlds.
* Gettaround addresses how an intelligent transportation grid can positively affect energy usage and slow climate change, as people value access over ownership of cars. The first step to the grid, Gettaround is a marketplace for peer-to-peer leasing of under-utilized car hours. It enables car owners to derive revenue from their idle cars, and for renters to have easy access to cars – affordably and conveniently.
* ACASA focuses on advances in rapid, additive manufacturing technologies to construct affordable and customizable housing in the developing world. Cost-efficient, environmentally sustainable solutions have the potential to create a transformative new paradigm for improving housing construction using local resources.
* XIDAR considers a new paradigm for disaster response, allowing users to overcome the communications network problems typical of crisis situations. The project enables innovative solutions to facilitate evacuation, medical triage and aid during natural disasters.
The ACASA work is looking to commercialize one of the items in the nextbigfuture mundane singularity. ACASA is trying to develop printable buildings. Caterpillar Inc has been funding the contour crafting project since 2008. The work was originated at the University of Southern California
Contour Crafting is an effort to scale up rapid prototyping/manufacturing (a billion dollar industry to make 3 dimensional parts) and inkjet printing techniques to the scale of building multi-story buildings and vehicles. The process could accelerate the trillion dollar (US only) construction industry by 200 times. Projections indicate costs will be around one fifth as much as conventional construction. (Land prices are unchanged, so the actual prices of homes would not change as much in say Hawaii, Tokyo, Manhattan or San Francisco). Using this process, a single house or a colony of houses, each with possibly a different design, may be automatically constructed in a single run, embedded in each house all the conduits for electrical, plumbing and air-conditioning.
The contour crafting section of nextbigfuture articles.
Hopefully ACASA can be successfully in accelerating the commercialization and deployment of printable buildings.
There is competition at the lowend of rapid building production, where small buildings can be produced in a factory, but printable buildings has greater potential. It would be useful to expand the capabilities to fully printable infrastructure or to get around certain infrastructure needs with independent power generation, wireless communication and capture of rainwater and use of wells and onsite management of waste.
Starting printable building deployment in less developed countries is a reasonable start because of the hurdle of penetrating building codes and other legal and regulatory issues in developed countries.
The presentation is uploaded to slideshare.
Nvidia CEO Predicts 570 Times More Powerful GPU in Six Years
Previously William J. Dally, Chief scientist at Nvidia Corp, predicted Nvidia GPUs in 2015 will be implemented on 11 nm process technology that feature roughly 5,000 cores and 20 teraflops of performance. Current Nvidia GPUs have 500 gigaflops of performance in single precision. 20 teraflops would be 40 times faster. 570 times faster in 2016 would be 285 teraflops. However, if Huang was referring to double precision then the increase would be from the current 100 gigaflops going up to 57 teraflops of double precision performance. This seems to make more sense and is more consistent with the 20 teraflop in 2015 statement. 57 teraflops of double precision performance in 2016.
3 teraflop GPGPU chips should be available from Nvidia in late 2009 or early 2010.
The current Tesla GPUs are running at 1.3-1.4 GHz and deliver about 1 teraflop, single precision, and less than 100 gigaflops, double precision. Valich speculates that a 2 GHz clock could up that to 3 teraflops of single precision performance, and, because of other architectural changes, double precision performance would get an even larger boost.
Huang – who made his comments at the Hot Chips symposium in Stanford University – explained that such advances could enable the development of realtime universal language translation devices and advanced forms of augmented reality. Huang also discussed a number of “real-world” GPU applications, including energy exploration, interactive ray tracing and CGI simulations.
Nvidia website for its Tesla GPGPU computing solutions is here
There is a GPU technology conference Sept 30-Oct 2, 2009 in San Jose
After three years of evangelizing, GPU computing has surely reached the tipping point. CUDA has been adopted in a wide range of applications. In consumer applications, nearly every major consumer video application has been or will be accelerated by CUDA. We estimate there are over 1200 research papers based on CUDA. We’ve highlighted 500 of them on CUDAZone.com.
CUDA now accelerates Amber, an important molecular dynamic simulation program used by more than 60,000 researchers in academia and pharmaceutical companies worldwide to accelerate new drug discovery. CUDA sped up Amber 50 times.
For the financial market, numerics and compatible announced CUDA support for their new counter party risk application and achieved an 18 times speed-up. Numerics is used by approximately 375 financial institutions.
There are broad ranging uses for CUDA including astro physics, computational biology and chemistry, fluid dynamic simulation, electromagnetic interference, CT [image reconstruction], seismic analysis, raytracing and more.
Another indicator of CUDA adoption is the ramp of our new TESLA GPU for computing business. There are now more than 700 GPU clusters installed around the world with new Fortune 500 customers ranging from Schlumberger and Chevron in the energy sector to BNP Paribas in banking.
And starting this fall with the launch of Microsoft’s Windows 7 and Apple’s Snow Leopard, GPU computing will go mainstream. In these new operating systems, the GPU will not only be the graphics processor but also a general purpose parallel processor accessible to any application.
Recently John Petty, a leading industry analyst, forecast the global graphics market to grow nearly 22% in 2010, based in part to the rise of the GPU as a co-processor. The report states the continued expansion and development of heterogeneous computing and GPU compute will stimulate growth in 2010, enabled by Apple’s and Microsoft’s new operating system, new programming capabilities using OpenCL, Direct Compute, and NVIDIA’s CUDA architecture will remove barriers to the exploitation of the GPU as a serious economical and powerful co-processor in all levels of PCs.
TESLA is available as a module, a desk side personal super-computer or server for high performance computing clusters. TESLA achieved its first significant quarter of revenue with approximately $10 million in sales. Virtually every major OEM, including [Cray], Dell, HP, IBM, Lenovo, Silicon Graphics, or excuse me, SGI, Sun, and Super Micro now offers TESLA based solutions
We have over 50 HPC specialized VARS currently selling TESLA today. We estimate there are approximately 1,000 VARS actively involved in the HPC market which we have yet to engage.
We estimate TESLA to address a $5 billion market opportunity for us over the next three years.
We also know that high resolution displays and projectors are becoming more affordable than ever. The Sony 4K projectors, digital projectors are very affordable and people need scalable resolution, scalable visualization solutions to be able to address that and so we created a new product called Quadro SVS. And the Quadro SVS virtualizes both the application as well as the display, so you could literally run one application across up to four GPUs completely virtualized and invisibly, and then you can take the output of that and literally drive it up to 32 million pixels without the application ever knowing anything about it. And so this virtualization technology both at the GPU level as well as the display level is a groundbreaking idea and it’s something that we are really excited about.
TESLA servers consumers nearly 20 times less power than a conventional CPU server and the reason for that is because of the amount of performance that you get out of it.
Nextbigfuture had an interview with Nvidia’s Sumit Gupta.
Forbes had an interview in June 2009 with Huang
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